Tour Outlander and Scotland with Me – Part 1

Three weeks ago, after posting Anatomy Lesson #41, The Sad Demise of Angus Mohr, I promised I would blog about my Scotland Outlander Immersion Tour. Family and friend’s summer visits are also over so it is “show and tell” time.

What follows in this blog is part one of my splendid 2016 Scotland Outlander Immersion Tour. Mind, I did not know Scotland was on the horizon this year. The trip was a gift from conniving hubby of 53 years aided by an equally sly oldest daughter.

We left the Pacific Northwest in early June, over-nighted in D.C., flew to Reykjavik, Iceland (Photo A), and finally landed in Glasgow. Why did we fly 8,312 convoluted miles when only 4, 572 miles separate Oregon and Glasgow? Only hubby knows!  Just joshing. It is because these days, Icelandair tickets are very affordable.

IcelandAir 01

Photo A

Arriving at noon in Glasgow, we immediately hailed a taxi to Every Day Athlete (EDA) Gym as I was late, I was late, for a very important date: a personal training (PT) session with this handsome Irish lad, Patrick O’Brien, co-owner of EDA Gym (Photo B). A multi-talented man, he also acts in theater, films, and some TV.

EDA Gym is the establishment that partners with Sam Heughan to produce the MyPeakChallenge (MPC) program. If you are not a MPC member, you might consider joining. The program focuses on improving personal health through exercise and diet while raising money for Sam’s Bloodwise charity, a worthy cause supporting research into all forms of blood cancers. This year the MPC raised a staggering £225,000 ($295,000 US).

EDA gym 01

Photo B

Gentleman Patrick wasn’t prepared for my almost 74 y.o. body (I did not warn him about my age) and given that I had flown all night, went fairly easy on me despite pushups, lunges, kettle bells, and shoving around this nasty hunk of steel affectionately known as “the prowler” (Photo C). The apparatus, which in my view should be more aptly named “The Beast,” had only 25kg added weight – a nearby prowler held an additional 75kg! A young laddie walked by and taking pity on my (ahem) struggles with the metal monster offered encouraging words. I needed them!

Patrick was friendly, welcoming, helpful, competent, and professional and gave me a great PT session. Thank you, Patrick! More about him in my next installment.

 

EDA gym 02

Photo C

After the PT session, I found a quiet corner and zoned into my usual 45 minute yoga routine while the room echoed with grunts, blows, and whacks from male and female members who were sparring with Muay Thai combat sport (Photo D). Grins were apparent despite the intense competition. Cooling down, a very friendly Jamie, cousin to John Valbone (co-owner), wanted to talk. Guess what we talked about? Anatomy and physiology, naturally!

EDA gym 03

Photo D

Being retired academics, the next day found my husband and I trekking to the University of Glasgow. Crossing the River Kelvin, we were greeted by a statue of Lord Kelvin, the great mathematical physicist and engineer (Photo E). This Irish-Scottish scientist taught at the University of Glasgow for 55 years! During that time, he invented a maritime compass and a tide gauge, worked out problems for laying the first transatlantic telegraph cable, and accurately determined the temperature of absolute zero for which he is rightly honored by the temperature measurement, degrees kelvin.

University of Glasgow 02

Photo E

If we thought the University of Glasgow was just another academic institution (we did not!), we were quickly disabused of that notion as it was founded in 1451 and is the fourth oldest university in the English-speaking world! It has produced some of the most famous physicians, mathematicians, and engineers of the scientific arena. Its iconic stone bell tower dominates the horizon making it very easy to locate (Photo F).

University of Glasgow 01

Photo F

At the University, I quickly made a bee-line for The Hunterian Museum, the oldest public museum in Scotland. Named for William Hunter (1718-1783), physician, scientist, and anatomist (fist pump!), he is famous for studies of cartilage and bone. The museum houses not only his anatomical, zoological, and scientific instruments, but also a fine array of coins, minerals, paintings, prints, and books as well as geological, archaeological, and ethnographic collections (Photo G). A reminder to book readers: Diana briefly writes about William’s brother, John (also physician and anatomist), in her 7th book, “An Echo in the Bone.”

University of Glasgow 03

Photo G

This poorly healed fracture of a left tibia is one among many fascinating Hunterian specimens (Photo H). The fracture was not reduced properly (or at all) so the bony parts healed in an overlapped position (Anatomy Lesson #40, “Snap, Crackle, Pop! or How Bones Heal”). The healed leg was likely 2-3 inches shorter than the presumably normal right leg and the sufferer undoubtedly had great difficulty walking; reminded me of Colum’s poorly mended limbs (Anatomy Lesson #27, “Colum’s Legs and Other Things too!”).

University of Glasgow 04

Photo H

Last image is William’s microscope (Photo I). Although a beautiful instrument, it is a far cry from today’s powerful light microscopes (Anatomy Lesson #34, The Amazing Saga of Human Anatomy). William lived during the Scottish age of enlightenment (1600-1800) when scientists challenged superstition and injustice by arguing for the use of reason. Scotland was a leader in that movement causing the French philosopher, Voltaire, to comment “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization.” Oh, and in case book readers forgot, Diana also includes Voltaire in her third book, “Voyager.” Go, Diana! Rah!

University of Glasgow 05

Photo I

A quick hike down the street To visit Glasgow’s Botanic Gardens, featuring the famous and stunning Kibble Palace, erected in 1873 (Photo J). The site includes several glass buildings each containing a wondrous array of everything plant.

Botanic gardens 01

Photo J

My personal favorite was a room titled “Dangerous Plants” which contains “Little House of Horrors” – type specimens (Photo K) such as these ethereal but deadly pitcher plants, able to digest insects as well as small vertebrates such as frogs and wee snakes. I felt right at home as we have our own version of pitcher plants here in the Pacific Northwest at Darlingtonia State Natural Site.

Botanic gardens 02

Photo K

Evening found us back at the inn, foot weary but deeply gratified after 6+ miles of stumping Glasgow’s streets and sidewalks. That evening our seven tour members met for a personal concert by Gillebrìde MacMillan, better known to us as Gwyllyn the Bard. He shared a number of Gaelic ballads rendered in his fabulous a cappella tenor voice.

He also shared this fun story: Planning to arrive well-groomed, he got a hair cut before filming his wonderful singing sequence for Starz episode 103, The Way Back. However, Outlander hair folks were bummed because they had planned to attach a wig using his own locks! Sans that option, they resorted to glue. According to Gillebrìde, removing the sticky stuff was verra painful!

Gillebrìde ended his performance by showing a painting recently presented to him by a fan (Photo L). We all agreed it was an excellent rendering of him as Gwyllyn the Bard. As Jamie once said, “The Welshman would be welcome at any Laird’s hearth” (Starz episode 103, The Way Out).

Gwyllyn

Photo L

The following morning, we boarded a comfortable, roomy, custom-made van. Our group included folks from Canada, Florida, Indiana, and Oregon. Our tour guide was Scotsman, Hugh Allison. Tall, ginger-haired, gregarious, and knowledgeable, he was the perfect resource for us Outlander-hungry fans. Topping it all off, Hugh is also a Gaelic-speaker so he was able to translate the language and was an endless source of Highland tales and history. Off to a grand start!

Our first stop was Doune Castle in the Sterling district (Photo M). This imposing ediface served as Castle Leoch and was also featured in that delightful British film, Monty Python and The Holy Grail.

We happily climbed stairs, visited the kitchen, admired the great hall, and saw the lord’s tower, curtain wall, music gallery, cellars, and courtyard.

Castle Doune 01

Photo M

Clearly, Castle Doune and Castle Leoch are dopplegangers as evident from this scene when Claire, Jamie and  Dougal’s party approach the castle courtyard (Starz episode 102, Castle Leoch).

ep 102 Castle Leoch

The Doune kitchen sports a massive 16’ open oven, large enough to roast an entire ox with room to spare (Photo N)! It even has its own drain (left back corner) into which residues were flushed.

Castle Doune 03

Photo N

Doune oven served as prototype for the set version of Castle Leoch’s puir oven (or so says Letitia) – the one used to roast dozens of birds as beloved Mrs. F trills, “Baste it, girl, baste it!” (Starz episode 104, The Gathering).

ep 104 oven

Outdoors, along the east wall of Castle Doune, a charming, grassy flower-strewn field grabbed our attention (Photo O).

Castle Doune 02

Photo O

We were delighted to discover this verdant pasture was also site of the shinty game (Starz, episode 104, The Gathering) where team-Jamie was doing swell until Dougal laid waste to a number of combatants as he wielded his kilt-kick and shinty-stick! There’s Jamie hoofing it down the center!

ep 104 Castle Leoch

Leaving Castle Doune, we motored to Falkland, the village posing as 1945 Inverness. Here we wandered the streets, checked out sites, and enjoyed a delicious lunch at a local pub. A beautiful stone fountain dominates the town square (Photo P).

Falkland 01

Photo P

You have seen this fountain before. Recall Starz episode 101, Sassenach? Of course ye do! Jamie’s ghost waits at the fountain, standing in the pouring rain, as he watches Claire fight her curls and swear in the upper right window of Mrs. Baird’s Bed & Breakfast. Same corner window, same corner of fountain. Score!

ep 101 Jamie at fountain

On main street is a quaint general store specializing in curios (Photo Q).

Falkland 02

Photo Q

Mayhap you recognize it as the same window where Claire, who has never owned a vase, contemplates buying one (Starz, episode 101, Sassenach). From Outlander book:

My gaze lingered on a shop window filled with household goods—embroidered tea cloths and cozies, pitchers and glasses, a stack of quite homely pie tins, and a set of three vases.

I had never owned a vase in my life.

ep 101 window

Evening found us in the quaint town of Aberfeldy where we enjoyed superb lodgings, nestled amid beautiful highland hills. We spied an iconic red British phone box (Photo R) but, sadly, no Dr. Who with his blue tardis to whisk us back to 18th century Jamie!

Aberfeldy phone box

Photo R

Next morning, I enjoyed an awesome breakfast (Photo S) – steamy, creamy parritch laced with whisky! Oats were cooked in cream with just a hint of whisky flavor. Divine!

King Louis really didn’t know what he was missing (although Jamie did leave out the whisky bit). Instead, Louis declares through gritted teeth “The King has never acquired a taste for peasant food…” (Starz episode 202, “Not in Scotland Anymore.” ). Course, that is why he was straining on the royal pot, puir king!

creamy parritch

Photo S

After breakfast, our group assembled on the steps of the inn where we were joined by guess who (Photo T)? No, not Rupert and Angus (although that would have been fun!) but our favorite Highland couple were waiting to greet us. They were rarin’ to go!

Aberfeldy group

Photo T

Our travels quickly took us past the Scottish village of Dull, sister “city” of Boring, Oregon (Photo U). I know Boring very well as my hair dresser has a salon there, a scant ten miles from my home. Dull and Boring – a match made in heaven. Snort!

Dull & Boring

Photo U

Later that day as we motored under bright blue skies dotted with white, fluffy clouds, Hugh pulled the van over and suggested we take a little “walk in the heather.” Stepping out of the van, we were thunderstruck at the sight! In the distance was a modest grass-covered dun, it’s only inhabitants a herd of beautiful Highland Cheviot sheep.

We approached the site with an almost reverential attitude because we had arrived at Craigh na Dun (Photo V)! There stood the grassy knoll where Claire and Frank watched Mrs. Graham lead her followers in the ancient Druid ritual to call up the sun. This was the hill where Claire Beauchamp Randall places her hands on a standing stone and travels 202 years into the past! Here was the site where Claire’s heart breaks as she leaves Jamie to return to her own time. OK, I confess, I shed a few tears, and the place gave me goose flesh (Anatomy Lesson # 6, “Claire’s Hair – Jamie’s Mane” or “Jesus H. Roosevelt Christ!”)!

Craigh na Dun 02

Photo V

Atop the dun, the site enjoys no standing stones but it was a perfect place to re-recreate that pivotal moment when time performs its daring flip-flop. The hill bears patches of turf where the stones were erected and then removed. Kudos to the Outlander crew for returning the site to what appeared to be its original state (Photo W)!

Craigh na Dun 06

Photo W

A friendly wooly ewe and two darling lambs eyed us a little warily (Photo X – one babe is behind her rump). She was very curious about us time travelers. Apparently, we were messing with her fairy hill.

I swear the place is more than a bit eerie. Weather started out quiet and very still; moments later, the sky changed from bright blue to overcast and the wind came up sharply and bit through our jackets. Unlike the ewe, we had no wooly coat to keep us toasty warm.

Craigh na Dun 05

Photo X

Turning to the west, ewe, oops, I mean you might recognize the next view. Atop the grassy Craigh, we see distant lochs visible in Starz episodes 101, 108, 111, and 213 (Photo Y).

Craigh na Dun 04

Photo Y

Different time of year and different photo angle but the same site where Jamie and Claire prepare for her passing through the stones, back to her own time….back to Frank (Starz episode 213, Dragonfly in Amber). Sob!

ep 213 Craigh na Dun 01

Are you a wee bit dubious that this is “the place”? Then, please note the bent tree on the far side of the hill, a sure sign of Craigh na Dun (Photo Z)! “Green, green, it’s green they say, on the far side of the hill!”

BTW, the rosy hue of the sky and treetops isn’t due to sunset or the northern lights, it is caused by finger-near-the-lens syndrome – sure sign of a freshman photographer. Let’s just say the fairies did it!

Craigh na Dun 08

Photo Z

This is the same bent tree the dancing Druid sits on after returning for a lost bauble (Starz episode 101, Sassenach).

ep 101 Druid

And, the same bent tree from the last scene of Outlander season two as Claire watches a glorious sunrise over the largest stone – her precious portal back to Jamie (Starz episode 213, Dragonfly in Amber)!

ep 213 Craigh na Dun 03

Then, it was our time to depart. Buh bye, Craigh na Dun (Photo ZZ)! So sad, feeling bad, but time to go. Tick tock; tick tock

Craigh na Dun 01

Photo ZZ

From A to ZZ, you have seen the first part of my marvelous Outlander tour. More fun Outlander sights and sites in the next blog. Watch for it!

A deeply grateful,

Outlander Anatomist!

Photo creds: Starz, Outlander Anatomy

Anatomy Lesson #41: The Sad Demise of Angus Mhor

Greetings fellow anatomy students. Welcome to another lesson, “I have missed your bright eyes and sweet smiles!” This is our first lesson in almost a month, not because I have been lazing about, but because three events have conspired to keep lesson composition at bay.

First, I just returned from an Outlander tour of Scotland! Away for almost two weeks, I am still in jet lag but I will be posting my adventures over the summer – I promise!

ep 211 marching(1)

Second, blueberries are on… plump, dark and sweet! It’s a bumper crop because here, in the Pacific NW, we’ve had more rain than usual. Only 50 plants in my two patches but they are heavy producers and we do our own picking so the process takes time (Image A).

blueberries

Image A

Third, family members arriving this week for a long-anticipated visit (Starz episode 212, The Hail Mary). Food shopping, fresh sheets, clean house…. yadda, yadda, yadda. You know the drill.

ep 210 visitors

OK prof, enough excuses, let’s get on with the lesson! Today, Anatomy Lesson #41, The Sad Demise of Angus Mhor, explains events leading to his death. This lesson is written in response to a request by long-time reader, Ed, and in deference to our beloved Angus. And, as the lesson confines itself to this single topic and I have lots of other stuff going on (more whining), it will be briefer than usual.

Just one more note before we begin: Angus Mhor (Diana’s spelling) is a character who appears in Outlander and Dragonfly in Amber books. A huge, burly guy, he is Colum’s body-servant. In the Starz series, I don’t recall Angus’ last name being revealed. But, pretty much everyone, including me, assumes Angus Mhor of the book and the series are one and the same.

We find Angus in the thick of it at the Battle of Prestonpans. He fires at a charging British office whose goal is to skewer his pal, Rupert (Starz episode 210, Prestonpans). Angus is having none of it and swiftly dispatches that redcoat to “meet his maker.”

ep 210 Angus shoots

As Rupert staggers to his feet, a cannon blast hurls Angus through the air like “A Leaf on the Wind of All Hallows” (Starz episode 210, Prestonpans)!

ep 210 Angus blast

Next, we see puir Angus land with a thud, face down on the cold, hard ground (Starz episode 210, Prestonpans). At this point, his fate is unknown but clearly, the cannon blast dealt him some damage.

ep 210 Angus lands

To understand what happened to Angus, we turn to the field of pathology, the study of abnormal anatomy (Anatomy Lesson #35, Outlander Owies! – Part One).

Blast injuries have been with us for a very long time, but they weren’t described as an entity until 1924. And, it wasn’t until World War II that research established their clinical and pathological sequelae (aftermath of disease, condition, or injury). Although we learned about blast injuries in Anatomy Lesson #36, Outlander Owies – Part Deux!, details bear repeating in the context of Angus’ mortal wounds.

Here’s the nitty-gritty: the term, blast, refers to the sound wave produce by an explosion. Blasts also generate a shock (pressure) wave which passes through a victim’s body producing anatomical and physiological injuries. Interestingly, because blast exposure may not produce external injury,  internal injuries can pass unnoticed or their severity underestimated. Keep in mind, that the Prestonpans’ cannon blast was sufficient to blow Angus entirely off his feet! As long as explosives are detonated, there will be blast injuries.

Types of Blast Injury: Explosive energy creates four types of multi-system, life-threatening injuries depending on the proximity of the victim to the blast center: the greater the pressure wave and the longer its duration, the more severe the injury:

  • Primary (PBI): Injury caused solely by the blast pressure wave.
  • Secondary (SBI): Injuries caused by flying debris produced by a blast.
  • Tertiary (TBI): Injuries caused by people flying through the air and striking other objects.
  • Quaternary (QBI): All other injuries caused by explosions.

Image B, is a simple graphic showing the worst injury nearest the epicenter with diminishing effects further from detonation. An entire scientific field exists that studies explosives, associated physics, and the aftermaths.  The fields has grown rapidly because blast injuries remain a terribly, timely reality due to global terrorism (think 2013 Boston Marathon).

Blast map

Image B

A more detailed image (Image C) informs us that high explosives are converted to hot gases which create a blast wave of compressed air traveling at supersonic speeds – speeds which can exceed the muzzle velocity of today’s bullets! Now, 18th century cannon may not have created such intense pressure waves, but certainly sufficient to maim and kill.

PBI blasts

Image C

For today’s lesson, let’s discuss two of the four types of blast injuries: PBIs and TBIs.

PBIs: Gas-containing organs such as lungs, hollow organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the middle ear are most vulnerable to blast trauma. Why? Because, as a pressure wave passes through the body, it produces shearing forces at air-tissue interfaces destroying cells, tearing tissues, creating gas emboli (air bubbles), and causing thrombosis (blood clots). PBIs also effect cardiac function.

We cannot cover all such organ injuries associated with blasts, but let’s use lung damage as an example because pulmonary (lung) trauma remains the most commonly fatal PBI. I have not yet posted an anatomy lesson on lung, but bear with me as we explore the effects upon it by a blast wave.

Lung tissue is incredibly delicate. Composed of millions of air sacs (alveoli) with walls a few cells thick, lung tissues are also riddled with capillaries. This design allows inspired oxygen to quickly pass from alveoli into nearby capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide (a simplified explanation).

Blast injury of the lungs is characterized by bleeding, swelling and bruising.  Such changes can be seen by microscopy. The two top photos of Image D show normal lung tissues. The open white spaces are various alveoli, small airways, and blood vessels. Compare and contrast the appearance of the top two photos with the bottom two. The tiny red dots riddling the open spaces of the bottom photos are red blood cells (Anatomy Lesson #37, “Outlander Owies Part 3 – Mars and Scars”). Now, red blood cells are normally confined to blood vessels but here, they are not because the lung tissues have suffered blast injury. Bleeding into air sacs and airways of the lung is the direct result of a pressure wave tearing delicate lung tissues along its path. So, think! If air sacs fill with blood, can there be room for air? If the lungs cannot fill with air, then oxygen is not delivered to the circulatory system. If the circulatory has no oxygen to deliver to the body, then that outcomeis incompatible with human life.

Although hollow organs of the GI tract are not as delicate as lung tissues, PBIs also injure these at air-tissue interfaces. However, compared with lung PBIs, GI injuries, may not present for hours or even days after blast exposure when these are characterized by nausea, vomiting, vomiting blood, etc.

Lung

Image D

TBIs: Air displaced by an explosion creates a blast wind that can hurl victims against solid objects, such as the ground. Damage caused by this type of traumatic impact are tertiary blast injuries (TBIs). TBIs may present as some combination of blunt or penetrating trauma, as well as coup contre-coup injuries, basically a fancy term for brain contusion caused when the head is thrown back by a blast and then rebounds.

Back to Outlander! So, our beloved lad is struck by a cannon blast. Then, he lands hard in the bosom of mother earth and loses consciousness. What happened to him? The answer is, our sweet Angus likely suffered both a PBI and a TBI. Back at the make-shift surgery, he presents in succession six red flags (signs) suggesting blast injury.

First Red Flag: The blackened skin of his forehead appears to be a head wound. It could be a PBI, it might be a TBI from the face-plant, or another off-camera battle event may have been the culprit. Look carefully at his forehead as he fires his pistol just before the cannon blast – the hint of a bruise is already present.

Claire is rightly concerned: she checks the wound and his pupils but his “eyes are clear,” a good sign.

ep 210 Angus burn

Second Red Flag: Angus is oh, so sweet and docile. His usual cocky strut is long-gone!

Brain injury from the cannon blast must be considered so Claire instructs him to stay awake – by watching the rise and fall of Rupert’s belly. He agrees but says he feels bone weary. Angus is such a feisty rooster, have we ever seen him compliant and willing to follow Claire’s orders?

ep 210 Angus fine

Third Red Flag: Angus pauses to grip his forehead in apparent brain-pain.  A possible concussion due to PBI or TBI would explain his discomfort. Claire doesn’t see this action but we do.

ep 210 Angus headache

Fourth Red Flag: Angus falls to the floor and Dougal calls for help. Claire and Jamie hasten to his aid. Why does Angus swoon? Drop in blood pressure (due to internal bleeding) seems likely but brain injury or cardiac malfunction could also be factors.

ep 210 Angus faints

Fifth Red Flag: Claire lifts his sark to reveal a huge contusion (Anatomy Lesson #35, Outlander Owies! – Part One) of the anterior abdominal wall (Anatomy Lesson #16, Jamie’s Belly or Scottish Six-Pack). She cries out that he is bleeding internally.

A wee side note: A belly bruise may or may not indicate internal bleeding. Hemorrhage of abdominal organs can translate to the skin but usually some time passes before presentation. The bruise might also be a TBI of the abdominal wall from being thrown to the ground.

ep 210 Angus belly

Sixth Red Flag: Blood fills Angus’ mouth, a reliable indicator of internal bleeding (Starz episode 210, Prestonpans). Actually, hemorrhage from any body orifice should set off alarm bells. What is the source of the blood? This is not disclosed in the episode, but I put my money on pulmonary hemorrhage because lung injury is the most common cause death in those that survive a blast and because lung hemorrhage could reach the oral cavity fairly swiftly. Another less likely source of internal hemorrhage is from abdominal GI organs as Claire implies upon seeing the belly contusion; it’s a fair distance for blood from ruptured abdominal organs to reach the oral cavity.

Angus chokes on his own blood as he desperately tries to breathe and to speak but he swiftly expires. Despite all her healing gifts, Claire is helpless. There was really nothing she or anyone could have done in the 18th century to alter the outcome….an outcome as inexorable as Culloden. Needless to say, his end was not an easy one.

ep 210 Angus strangles

Our wonderful Angus dies 21 September 1745, surrounded by loyal friends (Starz episode 210, Prestonpans). The fabulous Rupert-Angus tag team has left the building. Tears a falling!

ep 210 Angus dies

The red flags and associated comments are based on my own observations and conjectures. They are also over-simplified for this lesson. So, what really killed Angus? Truly, the only way to answer this question with surety is to perform an autopsy which, of course, isn’t available for Angus. As you viewers of forensic TV shows realize, the autopsy routinely examines organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities as well as the brain and any other sites that appear abnormal. Gross (macroscopic) observations are made and tissue samples prepared for microscopic examination. Clues from these observations usually yield a likely cause of death.

Autopsies are the turf of anatomical pathologists who are, in my humble opinion, the true brains of the medical profession (no insult intended to other healers). There is an old adage that pathologists are physicians who know everything and do everything … three days late.

Let’s end this lesson by honoring our delightful and unforgettable friend of two Starz seasons.

Ode to Angus Mohr

Two missing teeth and sass to bequeath,

He was loved for his feisty grin.

Rupert’s girth and his own brand of mirth,

Was a brew more potent than gin!

Eyes for Nurse Claire earned Jamie’s fierce glare,

Her kiss put his head in a spin.

Willing to bet, we shall ne’er forget,

This proud warrior of kith and kin.

Our tears are shed with hearts full of dread,

His passing was ever so grim.

Feeling so sad, farewell dearest lad,

Our loss burns like mortal sin.

Angus Mhor, R.I.P.!

Finally, it is only fitting to end this lesson with Stephen Walters singing his own farewell:

A deeply grateful,

Outlander Anatomist.

Photo creds: Starz, Outlander Anatomy (Image A), www.en.wikipedia.org (Image B), www.journal.frontiersin.org (Image D), www.usatoday.com (Image C)