Fun Fact: Premolar or Molar?

Anatomy def. – premolar: One of 8 transitional teeth (2 per quadrant) seated between canines and molars. Premolars are also known as bicuspids because they typically bear two cusps or points (sometimes three).

Anatomy def. – molar: One of 12 large, flat teeth (3 per quadrant) at the back of the mouth used for grinding and chewing. Molars typically have 4 – 5 cusps.

Outlander def: One of many “owie” teeth that Claire yanks from the mouths of impatient – outpatients! Wicked pliers!

Learn about premolars, molars and all the rest in Anatomy Lesson #26, “Jamie’s Chin – Manly Mentus.”

This FF title poses a question: is the extracted tooth shown in Starz ep 211, “Vengeance Is Mine,” a premolar or molar? Time to think! Well, the tooth has two roots (cusps aren’t visible): each first upper (maxillary) premolar and all lower (mandibular) molars have two roots. Otherwise, all upper molars have three roots, and all other teeth have one. Ergo, Claire is pulling either a first upper premolar tooth or a lower molar (see below). Angle of the pliers and tilt of the head implies she is gripping an upper tooth, so I vote for a first maxillary premolar. See how anatomy works? Darned interesting stuff!

See Claire pull the “hen’s” tooth in Starz ep 211, “Vengeance Is Mine,” written by our very own, Diana Gabaldon. Rupert stands as witness even though his belly was just stitched up. Ouch and och!

Read about teeth in Diana’s first big book, Outlander. Although not filmed, the following scene illustrates our Sassynurse’s versatility as she reseats Ned Gowan’s tooth in its socket. Anatomically thrifty!

Ned Gowan was bright-eyed and fizzing with vitality, apparently so intoxicated with the thrill of the fight as hardly to notice the tooth that had been knocked out by an ill-aimed dagger hilt. He had, however, retained sufficient presence of mind to keep it carefully held under his tongue. “Just on the off-chance, d’ye see,” he explained, spitting it into the palm of his hand. The root was not broken, and the socket still bled slightly, so I took the chance and pressed the tooth firmly back into place. The little man went quite white, but didn’t utter a sound. He gratefully swished his mouth with whisky for disinfectant purposes, though, and thriftily swallowed it.

Go Claire – go Ned!

A deeply grateful,

Outlander Anatomist

Fun Fact: gustation

Anatomy def: The act of tasting or the faculty of taste – accomplished by taste buds aided by olfactory (smell) receptor neurons.

Outlander def: Using taste buds to detect sugar in the urine – no other reliable test at the time, ye ken? Preferable to sampling Comte St. Germain’s poison!

Learn about gustation, taste, and tastebuds in Anatomy Lesson #44, “Terrific Tunnel – GI System, Part 1.” Ubiquitous fellows, tastebuds aren’t confined to the tongue’s upper surface; they also reside on soft palate, inner cheek, epiglottis, and upper esophagus!

Read about Claire’s unique use of gustation in Diana’s splendid second big book: Dragonfly in Amber:

I bent over a pallet at the edge of the floor. A very thin woman lay listlessly under a single blanket, her eyes drifting dully over us without interest… It wasn’t the woman who had attracted my attention, so much as the oddly shaped glass vessel standing on the floor alongside her pallet. The vessel was brimming with a yellow fluid—urine, undoubtedly. I was mildly surprised; without chemical tests, or even litmus paper, what conceivable use could a urine sample be? Thinking over the various things one tested urine for, though, I had an idea. I picked up the vessel carefully… I sniffed carefully. Sure enough; half-obscured by sour ammoniac fumes, the fluid smelled sickly sweet—rather like soured honey. I hesitated, but there was only one way to make sure. With a moue of distaste, I gingerly dipped the tip of one finger into the liquid and touched it delicately to my tongue. … She has—” Drat. What would they have called it now? “She has … um, sugar sickness

Beginning in 1674, western physicians routinely tasted patient’s urine when diabetes mellitus was suspect. English physician Thomas Willis (1621-1675) was the first in modern medical literature to observe the relationship. Above and beyond the call of duty!

See Claire sample a patient’s urine and correctly diagnose her sugar sickness in Starz episode 203, Useful Occupations and Deceptions! Claire, lass, best rush home to share your day of lancing boils, treating scrofula, and tasting urine! Your hubby will be a glad-lad. Hah!

A deeply grateful,

Outlander Anatomist